1863-1864 Uprising in Belarus

Portraits and autographs of insurgents

Vikenty Konstantin Kalinovsky (1838-1864) – revolutionary democrat, member of the extreme left wing of insurgents, leader of the uprising in Belarus and Lithuania, publicist. Candidate of Law. During his study at Petersburg University actively participated in a clandestine revolutionary organisation for people from Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. In 1861 founded a revolutionary organisation in Grodno, conducted anti-government propaganda. In 1862-1863 was active in publishing and spreading the “Peasant’s Truth”, the first Belarusian-language newspaper, was a chief editor of the “Banner of Liberty”, headed the Lithuanian Provincial Committee. From the spring of 1863 the revolutionary commissioner for Grodno Province, then the head of the Executive Department of Lithuania, plenipotentiary commissar of Lithuania and Belarus, leader of the uprising. He advocated the social and national liberation of the Belarusian people. In January 1864 was arested, publicly executed by hanging in Vilna on 22 March 1864. Portrait of the 1860s. Photoreproduction from the book “Grodno”, 1949. (BGAKFFD, 0-38990)
Frantishek Bogushevich (1840-1900) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Poet, prose writer, one of the founders of modern Belarusian literature. Fought in the Grodno province with the detachment led by L. Narbut, was wounded in action. After the suppression of the rebellion left for Ukraine and later returned homeland.  Photoreproduction. G. Kisialeu. Radavodnae dreva: Kalinouski – epokha – nastupniki. Minsk, 1994. (BGAMLI, library, № 16446)
Giuseppe Achille Bonoldi (1821-1871) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Public figure, singer, author, photographer. An Italian, from 1842 lived in Vilna. Member of the Lithuanian Provincial Committee, in February 1863 was deported from Russia and at the same time was appointed a foreign representative of the Provisional Provincial Government of Lithuania and Belarus. Participant of the Paris Commune. Died of wounds. Photoreproduction. G. Kisialeu. Radavodnae dreva: Kalinouski – epokha – nastupniki. Minsk, 1994. (BGAMLI, library, № 16446)
Vladislav Borzobogaty (1831-1886) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents, an associate of K. Kalinovsky. After graduating from Moscow University worked as a doctor in Novogrudok, in 1863 the insurgent commissioner for Novogrudok district. Emigrated, participant in the Paris Commune. In 1874 returned from emigration and was exiled. Photoreproduction. Vosstanie v Litve i Belorussii 1863-1864 gg. Moscow, 1965. (BGAMLI, library, № 1643)
Edmund Verigo (about 1840-1902) – one of the leaders of the uprising, member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Studied at the mathematics faculty of Petersburg University, was active in the preparation of the uprising, member of the Lithuanian Provincial Committee. Arrested in February 1863, was condemned to penal servitude, returned in 1874. Photoreproduction. Revolutsionny podiom v Litve i Belorussii v 1861-1862 gg. Moscow, 1964. (NIAB in Grodno, library, № 6791)
Valery Vrublevsky (1836-1908) – one of the leaders of the uprising, member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Participant in the clandestine revolutionary organisation in Petersburg for people from Poland, Lithuania and Belarus, a close associate of K. Kalinovsky at the Grodno revolutionary organisation, with whom together published the “Peasant’s Truth”. In 1863 one of the leaders of the uprising in Grodno Province, then in the provinces of Podliaska and Lublin. Was severely wounded in action. Emigrated. General of the Paris Commune, member of the General Council of the International.  Photoreproduction. Vosstanie v Litve i Belorussii 1863-1864 gg. Moscow, 1965. (BGAMLI, library, № 1643)
Yakub Geishtor (1827-1897) – one of the leaders of the conservative wing of insurgents in Lithuania and Belarus. A landowner of Kovno, publicist. In 1863 chairman of the Department for Lithuanian Provinces, was condemned to penal servitude. Author of  recollections. The 1860s. Photo from P. Shamshur’s collection. (BGAKFFD, 0-100127)
Titus Dalevsky (1840-1863) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Participant in the student movement in Moscow and Petersburg. From the summer of 1863 a close associate of K. Kalinovsky, was arrested in December 1863, publicly executed in Vilna. The 1860s. Photo from P. Shamshur’s collection. (BGAKFFD, 0-100122)
Frantishek Dalevsky (1825-1904) – one of the leaders of the conservative wing of insurgents. As an organiser of the Fraternity Council of Lithuanian Youth in 1846 he was exiled to hard labour. In 1863 member of the Department for Lithuanian Provinces. Was condemned to 20 years of hard labour. Photoreproduction. Revolutsionny podiom v Litve i Belorussii v 1861-1862 gg. Moscow, 1964. (NIAB in Grodno, library, № 6791)
Boleslav Dlusky (1826-1905) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents. For participating in the patriotic movement in the high school at Vilna, he was sent as a soldier to the Caucasus. On returning he graduated from the medicine faculty of Moscow University. In 1862 member of the Lithuanian Provincial Committee, an associate of K. Kalinovsky. In 1863 the insurgent commissioner for Kovno voivodeship, in the summer emigrated. From October 1863 the insurgent representative abroad. Photoreproduction. G. Kisialeu. Radavodnae dreva: Kalinouski – epokha – nastupniki. Minsk, 1994. (BGAMLI, library, № 16446)
Vikenty Dunin-Martsinkevich (1807-1884) – writer, one of the founders of modern Belarusian literature. Before the uprising he participated in the patriotic and democratic movement. Supported the insurgents. For over a year stayed in prison on suspicion of authoring the anti-government essays in the Belarusian language. Until his death stayed under police surveillance. The writer’s daughter Kamilla was condemned to 10 years of exile. The early 1860s. Photoreproduction after the photo by A. Prushinsky. (BGAMLI, f. 66, op. 1, d. 1288, l. 2)
Nestor Duleran (about 1825-1868) – member of the conservative wing of insurgents. Railway official. In 1862-1863 the commissioner of the Central National Committee in Warsaw (later National Government) for Lithuania and Belarus. He was removed from the uprising leadership by members of the democratic wing. Emigrated. Photoreproduction. Revolutsionny podiom v Litve i Belorussii v 1861-1862 gg. Moscow, 1964. (NIAB in Grodno, library, № 6791)
Ludwik Zvezhdovsky (1829-1864) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Captain of the General Staff of the Russian Army. Member of the leadership of the clandestine revolutionary organisation in Petersburg for people from Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. In 1861-1862 one of the founders of the insurrectionary Lithuanian-Belarusian Committee of the Movement. In 1863 commander of the insurgent detachment in Mogilev province, was captured and executed. Photoreproduction. G. Kisialeu. Radavodnae dreva: Kalinouski – epokha – nastupniki. Minsk, 1994. (BGAMLI, library, № 16446)
Yan Kozel-Poklevsky (1838-1896) – one of the leaders of the uprising, member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Military engineer. Founder of the insurrectionary organisation in Minsk, member of the Lithuanian Provincial Committee, from April 1863 at the war department of the National Government in Warsaw, in summer the commandant of Warsaw, in autumn the military chief of Grodno province. Emigrated, in 1872 voluntarily returned, was exiled.  Photoreproduction. G. Kisialeu. Radavodnae dreva: Kalinouski – epokha – nastupniki. Minsk, 1994. (BGAMLI, library, № 16446)
Vladislav Malakhovsky (about 1830- late 1890s) – one of the leaders of the democratic wing of insurgents in Lithuania and Belarus. Railway engineer. From June 1863 the insurgent chief in Vilna, a close associate of K. Kalinovsky, in August 1863 left for Petersburg, then emigrated. In England became famous for his invention in the field of photography.  Photoreproduction. Vosstanie v Litve i Belorussii 1863-1864 gg. Moscow, 1965. (BGAMLI, library, № 1643)
Zygmunt (Sigizmund) Mineiko (1840-1925) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Military engineer-fortifier, archaeologist, journalist. In 1863 the insurgent military chief in Oshmyany district, a detachment commander, in June was taken prisoner, sentenced to 12 years of hard labour. In Siberia one of the leaders of the Organisation of Exiles, escaped. In emigration graduated from the General Staff Academy in Paris. Participant in the Greek-Turkish Wars. National Hero of Greece. Photoreproduction. Vosstanie v Litve i Belorussii 1863-1864 gg. Moscow, 1965. (BGAMLI, library, № 1643)
Ludwik Narbut (1831-1863) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Officer of the Russian Army, in 1863 the insurgent military chief in Lida district, the detachment commander in Grodno province, was killed in action in May 1863. Photoreproduction. Povstancheskoe dvizhenie v Grodnenskoi gubernii 1863-1864 gg. Brest, 2006. (NIAB in Grodno, library, № 6791)
Eliza Ozheshko (1841-1910) – female writer, public figure, whose life and work is connected with Belarus. She supported the insurgents: supplied foods and medicine, was a messenger with the insurgent detachment led by R. Traugut, and when it was crushed, hid its commander. The uprising played a defining role in the formation of her democratic worldview. Photoreproduction. B. Klein. Naideno v arkhive. Minsk, 1968. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the 1863-1864 uprising in Belarus)
Napoleon Orda (1807-1883) – painter, pianist, composer, whose life and work is connected with Belarus. During his study at Vilna University served a prison term for involvement in a clandestine student society. An active participant in the revolt of 1830-1831, after its suppression lived in France. In 1856 returned homeland and took part in the uprising of 1863-1864. Was condemned to exile, on request by the French side the sentence was replaced by other limitations of rights. Photoreproduction. Illustrirovannaia khronologiia istorii Belarusi. Minsk, 2000. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the 1863-1864 uprising in Belarus)
Aleksander Oskerka (1830-1911) – one of the leaders of the conservative wing of insurgents in Lithuania and Belarus. Graduated from Petersburg University. As a delegate from Minsk Province participated in developing the draft of the agricultural reform of 1861, supported the emancipation of the landless peasants. In 1863 member of the Department for Lithuanian Provinces. Was exiled to hard labour in Siberia.  Photoreproduction. Revolutsionny podiom v Litve i Belorussii v 1861-1862 gg. Moscow, 1964. (NIAB in Grodno, library, № 6791)
Mikhail Oskerka (1836-1864) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Graduated from the medicine faculty of Moscow University. In 1863 the insurgent chief in the provinces of Minsk and Kovno. Was executed in 1864 in Mogilev. Photoreproduction. Illustrirovannaia khronologiia istorii Belarusi. Minsk, 2000. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the 1863-1864 uprising in Belarus)
Roman Roginsky (1840-1915) – one of the leaders of the uprising. Studied at the Polish military school in Italy. In 1862 the commissioner of the Central National Committee in Warsaw for Podliaska voivodeship. In 1863 the commander of insurgent detachments in the provinces of Minsk and Grodno, made a deep raid into Belarusian territory, was captured by peasants and exiled. Author of recollections. Photoreproduction. Vosstanie v Litve i Belorussii 1863-1864 gg. Moscow, 1965. (BGAMLI, library, № 1643)
Zygmunt (Sigizmund) Serakovsky (1827-1863) – one of the leaders of the uprising, member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Captain of the General Staff of the Russian Army, friend of N. Chernyshevsky, A. Herzen, T. Shevchenko. Supported the abolition of corporal punishment in the Russian army. Member of the clandestine revolutionary organisation in Petersburg for people from Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. In 1863 commander of the insurrectionary army in Lithuania. Was heavily wounded, taken prisoner, publicly executed by hanging in Vilna. The 1860s. Photo from P. Shamshur’s collection. (BGAKFFD, 0-100123)
Romuald Traugut (1826-1864) – one of the leaders of the uprising in Belarus and Poland. Before 1860 officer of the Russian army, lived on his estate in the Grodno province. In April – July 1863 commander of insurgent detachments in the provinces of Minsk and Grodno, from October the head of the Provisional National Government in Poland. Was executed in Warsaw. Photoreproduction. Photostudio “Foto i Zhizn”. (BGAKFFD, 1-5232)
Zygmunt (Sigizmund) Chekhovich (1831-1907) – member of the democratic wing of insurgents. Studied at the law faculty of Petersburg University. In 1862-1863 member of the Lithuanian Provincial Committee, then dispatcher at the Department for Lithuanian Provinces. Was exiled to hard labour in Siberia. Played an important role in the formation of the views of Yanka Kupala. Photoreproduction. Povstancheskoe dvizhenie v Grodnenskoi gubernii 1863-1864 gg. Brest, 2006. (NIAB in Grodno, library, № 6791)
Bronislav Shvarts (1834-1904) – one of the leaders of the left democratic wing of insurgents. Engineer. In the early 1860s conducted propaganda among peasants in the Grodno province, founder and leader of the revolutionary organisation in Bialystok, organized the publishing of propaganda literature in Belarusian. From July 1862 member of the Central National Committee in Warsaw. Spent 30 years of hard labour and exile. Author of recollections. Photoreproduction. Revolutsionny podiom v Litve i Belorussii v 1861-1862 gg. Moscow, 1964. (NIAB in Grodno, library, № 6791)
Group of members of the Vilna Revolutionary Organisation from left to right: sitting Petr Emanuel Yundzill, Edmund Verigo, standing Stanislav Bukhovetsky, Yuzef Yamont. Photoreproduction. Vosstanie v Litve i Belorussii 1863-1864 gg. Moscow, 1965. (BGAMLI, library, № 1643)
An insurgent from Polotsk. Photoreproduction. Arlou U., Saganovich G. Dzesiats viakou belaruskai gistoryi. Mensk, 1997. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the 1863-1864 uprising in Belarus)
An insurgent of 1863. Photoreproduction. Illustrirovannaia khronologiia istorii Belarusi. Minsk, 2000. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the 1863-1864 uprising in Belarus)
Participants in the uprising of 1863-1864. Drawing from an album confiscated from landowner Zamoisky during the search at the estate of Selets, Pruzhany district. No later than 30 September 1863. (NIAB in Grodno, f. 1, op. 34, d. 169, l. 55)
Autographs of participants in the 1863-1864 uprising who awaited the court decision at the Bernadine Church in Minsk from the notebook of an uprising member K.S. Kostrovitsky (father of the Belarusian writer Karus Kaganets). 1864. Manuscript. Belarusian in Latin script and Polish. (BGAMLI, f. 311, op. 1, d.14, l. 26-30 ob.)