Belarus in wartime

Participants in the battles

Napoleon’s Army
Napoleon I Bonaparte (1769-1821) – Emperor of France from 1804 to 1815, waged aggressive wars, conquered most of continental Europe in his quest for world domination, after defeat by the Coalition of allied powers was forced to abdicate in 1815.  Portrait by Vereshchagin. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
C.P. Victor (1766-1841) – Duke of Bellune, Marshal of France, in 1812 suffered a defeat at the battle of Chashniki, captured the village of Studenka, covered Napoleon’s crossing of the Berezina. Engraving by Renar after the original by Kene. Photoreproduction. Karl von Clausewitz. 1812 god. Moscow, 1937. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
L. Gouvion Saint-Cyr (1764-1830) – Marshal of France, in 1812 commanded the Bavarian Corps, was defeated at the battle of Polotsk.  Portrait. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
Joachim Murat (1767-1815) – King of Naples, Marshal of France, commander of Napoleon’s cavalry, participant at the battle of Ostrovno. Lithograph by Grevedon after the original by Gerard. Photoreproduction. Karl von Clausewitz. 1812 god. Moscow, 1937. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
J.A. Poniatowski (1763-1813) – Marshal of France, general, commander of the Polish Corps, was defeated by Platov’s Cossack Corps at the village of Romanovo.  Portrait. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
N.C. Oudinot (1767-1847) – Marshal of France, in 1812 commander of the сorps, participated in the battles of Klyastitsy, Svolna, Polotsk, Chashniki, Borisov, Berezina, Studenka. Portrait. Photoreproduction. Karl von Clausewitz. 1812 god. Moscow, 1937. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
Eugene de Beauharnais (1781-1824) – Viceroy of Italy, Prince of Venice, division general, in 1812 distinguished himself in the battles of Ostrovno, Vitebsk, Berezina. Engraving by Hopwood. Photoreproduction. Karl von Clausewitz. 1812 god. Moscow, 1937. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
Jerome Bonaparte (1784-1860) – Napoleon’s youngest brother, King of Westphalia, commander of the Westphalian Corps, in 1812 commanded the capture of Grodno, then a delay in action led to his replacement by Napoleon, took part at the battle of Romanovo. Portrait. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
L.N. Davout (1770-1823) – Duke of Auerstaedt, Prince of Eckmuhl, governor general of the Duchy of Warsaw, in 1812 commanded the 1st Corps which captured Minsk and Mogilev, cut off the junction of the 1st and 2nd Russian armies near Soltanovka.  Portrait. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
V. Krasinski (1782-1856) – count, general of the Polish and Napoleon’s armies, participant in the 1794 uprising for the resurrection of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and in all major battles in 1812, won distinction in actions at the Berezina, after 1814 Adjutant General of Alexander I. Portrait. Photoreproduction. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/ (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
D. Radziwill (1786-1813) – prince, lord of Nesvizh entail, chamberlain at the court of Alexander I, went over to Napoleon’s side, commanded the 8th Uhlan Regiment in the Duchy of Warsaw raised at his own expenses, an active participant in the 1812 war, "king of cavalry" as called by Napoleon. Portrait. Photoreproduction. http://ru.wikipedia.org/ (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
J.L. Reynier (1771-1814) – division general, commander of the Saxon Corps, suffered a defeat at Kobrin, fought at Gorodechno and Volkovysk. Engraving by Neitling. Photoreproduction. Karl von Clausewitz. 1812 god. Moscow, 1937. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
А. Rozniecki (1774-1849) – division general of Polish Cavalry, participant in the 1794 uprising for the resurrection of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in 1812 fought at Mir and Romanovo, from 1813 on the service of Russia, general, member of the State Council of the Russian Empire. Portrait. Photoreproduction. http://napoleon.org.pl (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
K.F. Schwarzenberg (1771-1820) – commander of the Austrian Corps, participated at the battle of Gorodechno, defeated Osten-Sacken’s troops at Brest.  Portrait by Stoll. Photoreproduction. Karl von Clausewitz. 1812 god. Moscow, 1937. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
A rifleman of French Light Infantry. Lithograph by Charle. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 g. Sb. dok. i materialov. Leningrad, Moscow, 1941. (BGAMLI, library, № 3002)
A rifleman of the Young Guard. Engraving by Weiland. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 g. Sb. dok. i materialov. Leningrad, Moscow, 1941. (BGAMLI, library, № 3002)
A grenadier of the Old Guard. Engraving by Weiland. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 g. Sb. dok. i materialov. Leningrad, Moscow, 1941. (BGAMLI, library, № 3002)
Lancers in the Duchy of Warsaw. Watercolour by Zelinsky. Photoreproduction. M. Goldenkov. Utrachennaia Rus. Minsk, 2010. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
Imperial Russian Army
Alexander I (1777-1825) – Russian Emperor (1801-1825), in 1807 signed an offensive and defensive alliance with Napoleon I, organized and led the Coalition of European powers against France, in May-August 1812 the supreme commander in chief of the Russian army, during his rule the Russian Empire greatly expanded its territory. Portrait. Photoreproduction. Istoriia voin Rossii. Moscow, 2009. P. 125. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov-Smolensky (1743-1813) – general field marshal, commander in chief of the Russian army from August 1812 to April 1813. Engraving by Robinson. Photoreproduction. (BGAKFFD, 0-83853)
P.I. Bagration (1765-1812) – general of infantry, in 1812 commander of the Second Western Army, organized the army’s passage of the Dnieper near Bykhov and saved it from destruction, was killed at the battle of Borodino.  Portrait by Dawe. Photoreproduction. (BGAKFFD, 0-83847)
M.B. Barclay de Tolly (1761-1818) – general of infantry, in 1810-1812 minister of war, introduced large-scale reforms in the army, designed a plan of defense against Napoleon, in the first half of 1812 commander of the First Western Army, from 1813 commander of the Coalition against Napoleon, general field marshal. Portrait by Dawe. Photoreproduction. (BGAKFFD, 0-83854)
P.H. Wittgenstein (1768-1843) – general of cavalry, in 1812 commanded the I Infantry Corps, stopped the enemy’s advance at Klyastitsy, successfully led the fights at Golovchitsy and Polotsk, participated at the battle of Berezina, from 1826 general field marshal. Portrait. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
A.P. Tormasov (1752-1819) – member of the State Council, general of cavalry, in 1812 commander of the Third Reserve Army, commanded the capture of Brest and Kobrin, after the battle of Gorodechno retreated to join the Danube Army.  Engraving by Afanasiev. Photoreproduction. Karl von Clausewitz. 1812 god. Moscow, 1937. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
P.V. Chichagov (1767-1849) – admiral, navy minister, adjutant general, in 1812 commander of the Third Western (Danube) Army, failure at the battle of Borisov affected the crossing of the Berezina by Napoleon’s troops. Portrait. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
D.L. Ignatyev (1771-1833) – major general, in 1812 distinguished himself in the battles of Polotsk, Chashniki, Smolyany, Borisov and Berezina. Phototype reproduction from the original by Dawe. Slovar russkih generalov, uchastnikov boevyh deistvii protiv armii Napoleona Bonaparta v 1812-1815 gg. Moscow, 1996. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
Ya.P. Kulnev (1763-1812) – major general, in 1812 commanded the corps at the battle of Klyastitsy, forced the enemy out of Yakubovo, was mortally wounded. Portrait by Dawe. Photoreproduction. (BGAKFFD, 0-25295)
K.O. Lambert (1772-1843) – general of cavalry, the son of a French general, from 1792 on the Russian service, in 1812 distinguished himself in actions at Brest, Kobrin, Gorodechno, Borisov, Koidanovo. Phototype reproduction from  the original by Dawe. Slovar russkih generalov, uchastnikov boevyh deistvii protiv armii Napoleona Bonaparta v 1812-1815 gg. Moscow, 1996. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
E.I. Meller-Zakomelsky (1767-1830) – lieutenant general, native of Velizh district in Belorussian province, in 1812 stayed at the headquarters of the First Western Army, commanded the regiments of the 1st Cavalry Corps pursuing the enemy. Portrait by Dawe. Photoreproduction. (BGAKFFD, 0-81106)
D.M. Mordvinov (1743-1948) – major general, native of Vitebsk province, in 1812 distinguished himself at the battle of Polotsk. Portrait by Dawe. Photoreproduction. (BGAKFFD, 0-81107)
P.P. Pahlen (1778-1864) – general of cavalry, adjutant general, in 1812 participated in the battles of Vitebsk, Golovchitsy, Porechye, Rudnya. Portrait. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
P.I. Platov (1753-1818) – general of cavalry, leader of the Cossacks, in 1812 commanded the flying corps in the First Western Army, led the corps in Grodno that conducted guerilla raids, won distinction in the battles of Korelichi, Mir and Romanovo. Portrait. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
F.V. Osten-Sacken (1752-1837) – general field marshal, in 1812 led his troops against Reynier’s Corps in battle near Volkovysk, was defeated by Schwarzenberg’s forces at the battle of Brest.  Engraving by Velain after the original by Nuartye. Portrait. Photoreproduction. Slovar russkih generalov, uchastnikov boevyh deistvii protiv armii Napoleona Bonaparta v 1812-1815 gg. Moscow, 1996. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
A.I. Osterman-Tolstoy (1771-1857) – general of infantry, adjutant general, on 25-26 July 1812 commanded the troops of Barclay de Tolly’s First Army against Murat’s vanguard at the battle of Ostrovno. Engraving by Vendramini after the original by Ferrier. Photoreproduction. Karl von Clausewitz. 1812 god. Moscow, 1937. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
N.N. Rayevsky (1771-1829) – general of cavalry, in 1812 distinguished himself at the battle of Soltanovka against Davout’s forces. Engraving by Kulikov. Portrait. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
I.K. Sokolovsky (1763-after 1836) – major general, native of Mogilev province, in 1812 won distinction in the battles of Volkovysk, Narev, Rudnya. Portrait by Dawe. Photoreproduction. (BGAKFFD, 0-81110)
I.O. Sukhozanet (1788-1861) – general of infantry, native of Slutsk district in Minsk province, in 1812 fought at Klyastitsy and Polotsk. Portrait by Dawe. Photoreproduction. (BGAKFFD, 0-81108)
A.P. Turcheninov (1779-1830) – lieutenant general, native of Mogilev province, in 1812 distinguished himself in the battles of Polotsk, Dimitrevichi, Chashniki. Portrait by Dawe. Photoreproduction. (BGAKFFD, 0-81109)
N.A. Tuchkov I (1765-1812) – lieutenant general, in 1812 took part at the battle of Ostrovno. Portrait by Klyukvin. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
F.F. Steinheil (1762-1831) – general of infantry, in 1812 participated in the battles of Chashniki, Smolyany, Berezina, Polotsk. Portrait by Klyukvin after the orginal by Dawe. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina i russkoe obshchestvo 1812-1912. Moscow, 1911. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
E.I. Chaplits (1768-1825) – general, native of Mogilev region, in 1792 took part in the invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in 1812 commanded the Reserve Cavalry Corps, won distinction in the battles of Slonim, Kobrin, Studenka. Engraving by Kretlov after the original by Wolf. Photoreproduction. Karl von Clausewitz. 1812 god. Moscow, 1937. http://www.1812.ru (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
Russian Guard Cuirassiers. Drawing. Photoreproduction. Istoriia voin Rossii. Minsk, 2008. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
A Russian soldier in 1812. Re-enactment. Photoreproduction. Atlas gistoryi Belarusi. Minsk, 2006. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
A trumpeter of the Lifeguard Dragoon regiment. Drawing. Photoreproduction. Istoriia voin Rossii. Minsk, 2008. (BelNITsED, collection of electronic copies of documents and materials on the history of the war of 1812)
An NCO of the Jaeger regiment in 1812-1816. Drawing. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 g. Sb. dok. i materialov. Leningrad, Moscow, 1941. (BGAMLI, library, № 3002)
A Cossack and sergeant of the Don Cossack regiment in the early 19th century. Drawing. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 g. Sb. dok. i materialov. Leningrad, Moscow, 1941. (BGAMLI, library, № 3002)
A private of the Kalmyk regiment in 1812-1825. Drawing. Photoreproduction. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 g. Sb. dok. i materialov. Leningrad, Moscow, 1941. (BGAMLI, library, № 3002)